International Business Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Universal Business Operations - Essay Example ccording to the Wall Street Journal (2012), the expanding work costs in China have impacted a decline in piece of the overall industry and furthermore rising rivalry from nations that have understood the potential that lies in assembling. Other than this, China’s work giving populace additionally does not have the essential abilities required in the expanded creation advertise, consequently pushing manufacturer’s to look for administrations from different nations. It is additionally hard for remote manufacturer’s to set up base in China since state-claimed organizations are the most predominant. The other angle is probably going to put China out of the assembling industry is the way that an ever increasing number of nations are hoping to set up their own assembling organizations inside themselves as a method of eliminating creation costs. The delivery costs identified with the exportation of crude materials that exporter’s haveto acquire is one of the key angles that nations have tried to supersede by neglecting to give China the assembling work. In my view, the majority of the opposition that China is confronting will in general be from Vietnam, Indonesia, and Bangladesh, which have taken up a large portion of China’s showcase fares to the US for attire (McCann 2011). Generally, the exchanging condition gave in different countries, for example, Vietnam have made America to move their assembling enthusiasm from China as a result of the organized commerce understandings gave by the last mentioned. In such manner, Vietnam has become the best gainer in light of the fact that the vast majority of the US speculators, for example, Nike have made their built up their assembling base in view of the anticipated money saving advantages that would come because of not working in China. Along these lines, Vietnam is the best contender to China as they have additionally pulled in speculators in the hardware segment, which was China’s fortress to organizations, for example, Samsung and Nokia. Then again, China is additionally missing out its piece of the overall industry in the assembling of cars to Mexico due to the serious work costs

Normandy Essay example -- essays research papers fc

The clash of Normandy was the significant defining moment in the Second World War. It was a very much arranged out assault of the Allies on western France against the Germans. Numerous individuals know a little about the day, yet not many think about the long arranging, system, and results for the two sides. Toward the finish of November, Roosevelt and Churchill traveled to Tehran for their first gathering with Stalin. The president and the Prime Minister had just endorsed, under the code name Overlord, an arrangement for a cross-channel assault. Roosevelt wholeheartedly preferred executing Overlord as right off the bat in 1944 as the climate allowed. Boss Meteorologist for Eisenhower stated, â€Å"By the time the meeting was because of start we were unable to hope to have a total arrangement of surface level and upper air outlines yet a bunch of reports from a couple of basic regions west and south-west of Ireland, if reliable among themselves, would choose the issue-the startling issue whether Overlord would be certainly delayed for in any event 24 hours or go unavoidably forward to the ambush on the shores of France at sunrise next mourning†(Stagg 100-101). At Tehran, Churchill contended for offering need to Italy and conceivable new offensives in the Balkans or southern France , however he was outvoted by Roosevelt and Stalin. Overlord was set for May 1944. After the gathering, the CCS reviewed Eisenhower from the Mediterranean and provided him order of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Forces (SHAEF), which was to sort out and convey o...

How to Build an Online Course that Sells

How to Build an Online Course that Sells E-learning today comprises a specific constellation of business, technology and educational elements which result in a reduced entry barrier for entrepreneurship in the industry. Everyone can undertake to create and to sell online courses. However, this does not mean that all who try will succeed in making a profit from such endeavors. © Shutterstock.com | TashatuvangoIn order to boost your chances, in this article, we will address key elements of successful online courses and discuss their profitability in sections 1) Online Courses and Statistics of Profitability; 2) Preparation Creation of Online Courses; 3) Key Elements of Making Online Courses Which Will Sell; 4) Platforms for Online Course Launching; 5) Selling Strategy.ONLINE COURSES AND STATISTICS OF PROFITABILITYBecause of the fact that one of the key elements of e-learning is accessibility of knowledge acquirement regardless of location we can trace the roots of it all the way back to the correspondence learning courses of the late 19th century. However, the modern understanding of the industry is based on the technology development and has emerged in reference to the rise of the internet in the 1990s. In the following decades more than 6 billion dollars of venture capital were invested in massive open online courses (MOOCs) and with the all-encompassin g integration of internet into spheres of human life, online courses became a fertile ground for entrepreneurship â€" corporal, institutional and individual.The emergence of e-commerce made it increasingly accessible to upgrade existing knowledge and skills as well as create and develop new ones from the comfort of one’s home or office. The cost is within reasonable and affordable parameters. An increasing number of institutions validate certificates from online courses and even when they do not, they are a desirable attachment to one’s resume. For these reasons, along with those related to self- accomplishment and satisfaction that spurs from growth, more and more people are craving for learning online and are willing to pay a certain price for it.In order to create an online course that will be profitable, one must evaluate inclinations towards and necessities of knowledge in different niches. Due to the rule and constant changes of technology (information era) and business (c apitalism), each of this industries separately as well as in correlation serve as one of the most profitable niches in which people all over the world wish to enhance. Even more so if corporate training spheres are taken into account because large amounts of such endeavours are done through online courses.The incorporation of eastern philosophy and medicine in the western civilization for the past century has caused widespread interest in the fields of religion, spirituality and alternative medicine.However, the practical truth is that all niches have potential customers when referring to online courses â€" as long as a topic is well defined, presents relevant information and/or provides an opportunity to upgrade existing knowledge at a lower cost than ‘in real life’ (this applies not only to financial but also temporal and spatial as well as qualitative dimensions).Statistics of Online CoursesThe statistics enlisted below are more oriented on business and educational spheres du e to lack of statistical data on individual entrepreneurship in e-learning. The industry is still in the formation, and individual entrepreneurial approaches have been developing in greater amounts only in the past few years. However, these statistics show a positive trend towards industry growth in all directions.The e-learning industry has increased revenue from around 35.6 billion dollars in 2011 to 56.2 billion dollars in 2014 from corporate training. It is estimated that, in the course of this year, these figures are going to double.Business world is becoming more and more oriented towards online courses as a training and education strategy for their employees â€" over 40% of Fortune 500 companies use some form of it. From mere 4% of American corporations that used e-learning as a training strategy, in 2011 they amounted to stunning 77%. E-learning decreases costs of training and education by 50% and their duration by 60% in reference to traditional instruction methods. Moreove r, recent reports by IBM show that educational technology tools tend to enhance productivity of employees by 50% (it is estimated that for every dollar spent for training, corporations earn 30$ worth of productivity). Further on, 72% of companies included in a recent survey stated that e-learning represents the most constructive strategy of keeping up with changes in industries and maintaining strong competitive advantages which results in greater ability to acclimatize to the market and their customers (increase of around 34%).46% of college students reports to attending at least one course online and with the flourishing of sites like Coursera, more and more people of all ages, statuses and professions enroll into such education-based models.Elite instructors of online courses generate revenue from six to seven figures monthly.Online courses are increasingly present all over the world: Asia (17.3% annual growth rate), Africa (15.4 % annual growth rate), Middle East (8.2% annual gr owth rate) and Western Europe (5.8% annual growth rate).PREPARATION CREATION OF ONLINE COURSESCourses According to your ExpertiseIf you are thinking of founding an online course based enterprise, you have to be a connoisseur in a field. You cannot expect to generate profit by giving nothing in return. Quality is the imperative. Even if someone decides to give you the benefit of a doubt and pay for your course, lack of satisfaction will quickly result in collapse of your endeavors (word of mouth works extremely fast, and online, it reaches the speed of light).If you have the necessary knowledge and passion that lights its fire, you stand a good chance of building a profession you will truly find content and profit in.Examination of Target Audience and Profitability of a Potential CourseThe second pillar of your future successful enterprise is the consumers. You must determine which areas and what levels of your expertise have value for them. In order to do so, you must choose a targ et audience for your course. Gamers will not be a good target audience for an online course on expert sewing techniques, but online communities of senior citizens or fashion design students might be.Create and use channels such as social media, websites or blogs and interact with your visitors in order to get feedback on their interest spheres regarding the knowledge or skills you have and are willing to share.For example, a connoisseur of incense sticks and essence oil manufacturer posts a blog on how to make one’s incense sticks. The comments show that there is a wide interest in the subjects and frequent questions regarding the process. The blogger is now aware that the preparation of incense sticks is something that spurs interest among his visitors and is something they would like to know more about.It is not an easy task to form a circle of visitors in correspondence with your niche, however, once built; they can be a source of future retentive customers.Once you have discus sed the appeal of the topic on your channels, evaluate the potential profitability of your course by browsing for similar already existing ones. If there is some number of kindred courses that charge a participation fee, substantial interest has already been determined for your niche of expertise and, consequently, you can take it as a marker of good potential profitability. Even if there are not any similar courses and you have strong faith in the usefulness of your service, proceed with your idea â€" entrepreneurs are risk takers!Precise Steps for Preparing the CourseDefine objectives of the courseDecide what is the strategic goal of your course and specify the perspective from which you will be approaching it.For example, your goal is to acquire a satisfied audience ready for continued collaboration in a certain period of time. If you are an expert in above-mentioned sewing techniques, you might want to start with a particular sewing fabric or a specific design bearing in mind th at it can become a series of courses (for different fabrics or designs).Design Structure the courseDesign your course to be interesting and stimulating. Structure it so as to provide the clear vision of its constructiveness and future implementation and use assignments and quizzes so as to evaluate your students. Keep in mind that teaching is a two way street.Create a learning environmentA learning environment is best achieved by combining collaborative sessions with instructors (for example, use video conferencing) and self-paced learning.Keep your program on trackKeep track of the progress your students are making and make sure to revise and clarify problematic areas.After the constructed course has finished, make sure to proceed with a follow-up to your participants so as to make sure skills and practices are continuously implemented.Importance of Cross-Handling Diverse ChannelsCross-handling of your channels will be decisive in longevity of your potential success as well as the amount of revenue you will be able to generate because it enables:Determination of courses that are needed by your target audience (as stated above)Personalization and Content MarketingDifferentiation among competition â€" becoming a brand through word of mouth, communication, personalized approach to visitors and followersSuccessful promotionAttracting and maintaining leads as well as increase of conversion ratesChannels to Cross-handleWebsiteBlogE-mailSocial Networks (Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook)Search EnginesPlatform where your Course is LaunchedKEY ELEMENTS OF MAKING ONLINE COURSES WHICH WILL SELLSpecified Courses are More ProfitableRather than making a detailed synthesis course of your field of expertise, concentrate on specific areas of your knowledge and skills as people are looking for usable courses that will be applicable in some ways after the course is finished. Over-generalization can seem like too much work and focusing at one point at the time can produce a qualitati ve building block of a comprehensive education in the future. You can structure your courses as a whole (if there is enough interest in the niche) but they must stand separately as self-sufficient units.Relevant informationUse every minute and every section of your course to serve the objective â€" that is, employ relevant, to-the-point information always. Involve and engage your students in the education so as to provide a sense of accomplishment which will produce satisfaction with your service and become a pathway of future collaboration.Integrate Helpful ToolsFrameworks‘How to’ tutorialsAdditional information sourcesReal life examples and case studiesSubtitles suited for international audienceSlideshows and interactive elements (multimedia, stories, images)Instruction ProcessMake sure you cover different learning capabilities by employing different learning tactics that will suit individual preferences and skills of your students, as well as the content and goal of the cours e. For example, employ targeted usage of these strategiesResearchApplied LearningLearning through CreativityCognitive CoachingGraphic ToolsTeaching for UnderstandingThinking SkillsCooperative LearningPLATFORMS FOR ONLINE COURSE LAUNCHINGOnce you have constructed a draft of your online course, you have to begin the realization process. Various platforms can be found online depending on your technical skills, financial capability as well as time and effort you are willing to give to your project. In this section, we will discuss elements of launching platforms and provide a brief list with key features noted.PricingSome platforms provide their services at no cost but with most of them this applicable only to courses which are posted without pricing (it can be beneficial for beginners in online course launching â€" a question we will address in the following section). On the other hand, there are numerous platforms, which require a monthly fee (they do usually have a free trial period) for their services regardless of pricing you set for your course. Lastly, some platforms charge a percentage on sales you make (with or without a monthly fee).FeaturesFeatures offered by platforms vary depending on marketing strategies they employ and audiences that are represented as well as production opportunities and whether they provide certificates that will be valuable on the employment market.Platform ListHere are some examples of platforms you can start your online course on:Moodle: basic production tools; open source platform;Academy of Mine: up-to-date production opportunities; content marketing strategies; 199$ monthly fee;Digital Chalk: production services; 399$ set up fee + 4.95$ for each new basic course;Udemy: sufficient production tools; free for free, 50% of your set price for each sale;MindFlash: some production features; targeted audience platform; starts at 149$ a month.SELLING STRATEGYIf you are new to the e-learning market, it would be advisable to try free p latforms or trial periods and offer your courses for free as part of a customer activation strategy. As more people go through your courses, your enterprise will become branded by word of mouth advertising. Perhaps you should then offer a special offer consisting of a lower price and advertise on the platform and your channels the final price that will be set after the period expires. Your audience will increase during these two stages and will be able to evaluate approximately if they find the value of the services you offer worth the total price that will be set. There are two ways in which you can generate revenues from your online courses:Charge Participation Fees: Depending on the policy of the platform you have chosen, charge a fee to participants (buyers) of your online course. Investigate pricing ranges of similar courses, estimate the value of the product you have created, deduct fees and/or percentages of sales you have to pass on to the platform and set a reasonable price . Offer discounts to retentive customers and special offers to your first-time students occasionally (but not continuously) because it will be appreciated and employ content marketing strategies for optimal placement on the e-learning market.Introduce additional products or services: Additionally, you can develop niche and course related appendixes, products and services that will be useful to your students and offer them. Be careful not to over-advertise because it will drive your consumers away. Make sure they know you can offer them something they might need at reasonable prices subtly through communication and interaction. Again, your channels and networks are your best chance of creating a positive and retentive circle of customers.Individually launched online courses are numerous. Differentiation is difficult, and some compromises must be made in order to enhance your chances of success. However, if you have an area of expertise, the will to invest time and unwind strategic re asoning with your unique spark of creativity and passion, you will produce quality. The modern consumers appreciate quality and usefulness almost as much as they are reluctant to pay and give time. The ratio is as positive as it gets, a 50-50 chance of success is a good starting point. If you manage to sustain quality and usefulness, these odds will grow in your favor. Consequently, you will sell and generate a profit while doing one of the most rewarding acts of humankind â€" sharing knowledge.

Hannah Wilke The Youngest Child Of Jewish Parents, Selma...

Hannah Wilke Hannah Randolph College of Saint Mary Abstract Hannah Wilke was born Arlene Hannah Butter in New York City on March 7, 1940. She was the youngest child of Jewish parents, Selma and Emanuel Butter. Hannah and her older sister Marsha, born Marsie Scharlatt, both attended public school in Queens, and in 1957, Hannah graduated from Great Neck High School. She then attended Stella Elkins Tyler School of Fine Art at Temple University in Philadelphia until 1962 when she graduated and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts as well as a teaching certificate. Shortly after graduating, Hannah began teaching at Plymouth-Whitemarsh High School in Pennsylvania from 1962 to 1965, and from 1965 to 1970, she taught at White Plains†¦show more content†¦One way she transformed the negative into positive was constructing her sculptures out of disposable objects, such as lint. Her work was also have said to recall minimalism because she would display this work, usually, in an organized and repetitive manner. At this time in Hannah’s life, s he was gaining a lot of momentum in the art world. Subsequently, her work was included in the â€Å"American Women Artists† exhibition in 1972 at the Kunsthaus in Berlin and the Documenta V in Kassel, West Germany (Scharlatt, M., Scharlatt, E., Scharlatt, D., Scharlatt, A.). Her notable art was praised by many feminist publication groups, and in 1974, she was invited to join the â€Å"Anonymous Was a Woman† exhibition as well as â€Å"Art: A Woman’s Sensibility† exhibition held by the Feminist Art Program at the California Institute of the Arts (Scharlatt, M., Scharlatt, E., Scharlatt, D., Scharlatt, A.). In the 1970s, Hannah began using her body as a canvas for performance pieces. She called this her â€Å"performalist self-portraits,† (Smith, 1993) and they were documented by either video or by photographs. These particular performances, according to Hannah â€Å"confront erotic stereotypes by calling attention to and making ironic the conventional gestures, poses, and attributes of the female body† (Hannah Wilke Collection, 2015). In 1974, Hannah began working on S.O.S. or Starification Object Series, a fifty self-portrait installation,

A Sample Analysis of Written Discourse - 2852 Words

A Sample Analysis of Written Discourse —through the analysis of larger patterns and cohesive ties For discourse analysis, we usually analyze two main categories of discourse, the spoken discourse and written discourse. When we analyze a piece of spoken discourse, we will exam the identify of the speaker, the purpose of the utterance, the perlocutionary effect of the utterance, and the context of the utterance. Elements like intonation, tone, and genre of the utterance also are included in the analysis. We can get a close look by the speaking mode presented by Dell Hymess SPEAKING model. The SPEAKING model is a method to analyze a piece of utterance, in which we, through the analysis of Setting and Scene, Participants, Ends (Purposes,†¦show more content†¦(6) First, one influence that has a major effect on childrens behavior is television. (7) Believe it or not, T.V. plays a big role in how kids act. (8) Shows like the Power Rangers and Beetleborgs can make boys violent and want to fight. (9) Girls are not so easily influenced by television as boys are。 (10) Although there are some girls that want to fight along with the boys, for the most part, girls do not like those types of shows. Sentence 6 serves as the topic sentence of this paragraph. Sentence 7 is a furtherance of the idea of sentence 6. Sentence 8 presented specific TV programs to illustrate the idea. Sentence 9 rounds up the paragraph. Sentence 10, the last sentence of this paragraph, provides exception to the idea presented. The second pattern, Claim-Counter-claim, is often found in texts where there is an element of controversy. This pattern can also be organized in two ways. Figure 2 Claim-Counter-claim pattern This pattern is usually employed to solve controversy. First the writer establish his ideas by presenting a claim, then present a counter-claim, by the counter-argumentation of the counter-claim, justifies the claim. The third pattern, problem-solution pattern, is extremely common in text. Hoey analyzes such texts in great details. The pattern can be shown by the following figure. Figure 3 The situation presents questions like: where does the story takeShow MoreRelatedThe Limitations Of Corpus Linguistics967 Words   |  4 Pagessection presents a brief account of the criticisms directed against applying a corpus approach. It should be mentioned that this is the case with every research approach and this is not to undervalue the advantages of applying corpus tools in a discourse study. Broadly speaking, corpus approach limitations seem to lie in certain issues related to representative-ness, relation to context, and language description. An important consideration in conducting a corpus approach is to work with repre-sentativeRead MoreUnderstanding The Patient Discharge Instructions Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagesactions. This paper will analyze the patient discharge instructions genre emphasizing that care does not stop at discharge, but follows a patient home. Although multiple health care settings utilize patient discharge instructions, the focus of this analysis is instructions provided to cardiovascular patients before discharging them home from a hospital setting. The main goal of the patient discharge instructions genre is to assist patients in reaching optimal health and wellbeing. Research identifiesRead MoreThe, The And, And The New York Times And Tehran1515 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered the mental act or process of selecting particular topics as themes in discourse or words as themes in sentences. This paper examines thematization strategies in English opinion articles written by American and Iran ian journalists. To this end, two of the leading newspapers in the United States and Iran, The New York Times and Tehran Times, have been chosen. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of textual features and marked and unmarked themes of 12 opinion articles (6 fromRead MoreAnalysis Of Anne Beaufort s Words, A Better, Product1599 Words   |  7 Pagesto one discourse community. i.e. bad â€Å"products.† However, English 3010 is a course for upper-level students, and the emphasis is on conducting research by drawing from the sciences, social sciences, humanities, and professions in preparation for Writing Intensive courses in the majors and beyond. In relation to the course learning outcomes, the works I have done have been majorly about Discourse, discourse communities, genres, writing expertise, research questions, and collection and analysis of qualitativeRead MoreData Collection Method and Analysis Essay1318 Words   |  6 Pageson various variables over a lo ng time in a natural setting with an aim of acquiring insights not possible using other methods. It involves three different kinds of information collection: direct observation, in depth and open-ended interviews and written documents. Qualitative method involves use of random sampling and structured data collection instruments that fit different experiences. The method also enables the researcher to study the specific area of research into details thus making him orRead MoreGenre Analysis of Movie Review Essay3976 Words   |  16 Pagesmovie instead. Genre analysis is a system of analysis by which observations are made on the repeated communicative functions found in genres and on the linguistic features of these functions (Brett, 1994). Genre knowledge played an important role in helping novices understand how to produce academics, professional or educational discourse. Genre study can help to improve Chinese students’ movie review writing skills. This study was conducted using the framework of genre analysis to explore move structureRead MoreLanguage Produced By Typical Developing Children1178 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this study is to examine written language produced by typical developing children in Grades 2 through 4. The researchers examined two common academic discourse genres, narrative and expository by analyzing, microstructure and macrostructure of student writing samples. 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Basically a list of categories. example: Lofland and Lofland s 1st edition list: acts, activities, meanings, participation, relationships, settings (in the third editionRead MoreWhat Is More Harm Than Good?1721 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing: †¢ Does the construct of the language contained within these laws promote and protect the target group’s human rights? †¢ How do stereotypes, stigma, and moral dilemmas affect the ways that laws pertaining to sex work and anti-trafficking are written/framed/actualised? †¢ How can viewing human trafficking and modern slavery as a social problem, as opposed to a criminal or immigration problem impact the target group, the state and non-state actors? †¢ How does an anti-trafficking framework protectRead MoreRationale For Identified Target Population1504 Words   |  7 Pagesquality of lives of the citizens will find the strategic process information guideline extremely helpful and reduce the level of overwhelming frustration that accompanies lack of clearly delineated information. †¢ Method for determining appropriate sample size In this quasi-qualitative research study, we have selected ---- effective, model assisted living programs that have been identified by the State of Maryland as performing at superior levels of excellence, meeting federal and state regulatory

English Proficiency Free Essays

Yakushko, O. (2010). Clinical work with limited English proficiency clients: A phenomenological exploration. We will write a custom essay sample on English Proficiency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 449-455. doi:10. 1037/a0020996 This research article focused on therapists’ perceptions of clinical and personal characteristics and contextual factors that may influence mental health service delivery to limited English proficiency (LEP) clients through interpreters. Particularly, this study attempted to understand these factors by exploring the lived experiences of clinicians who have worked with LEP individuals through translators. Analysis of the data collected provided two recurring themes that revolved around the personality and training of both therapist and interpreter. Based on the findings of this research, the author suggested consideration of clinical care for LEP clients, who may be inadvertently marginalised from effective psychotherapeutic intervention, would demonstrate a commitment to social justice. The study under review clearly meets the criteria for qualitative research for the purpose of understanding a complex issue in greater detail as suggested by Liamputtong (2009). Related essay: Causes of Failure in English Language Liamputtong (2009) remarked that an understanding of the components and contextual issues could only be achieved by having direct conversation with people who have lived the experience the researcher sought to investigate. The author states that the ‘phenomenological study sought to contribute to understanding these factors by examining the lived experiences of eight therapists skilled in working with LEP individuals through interpreters. † Clearly, one of the strengths of the use of the phenomenological structure is the acceptability of a small number of participants under investigation, which were eight in this case. Further, this methodological framework afforded the researcher to analyse the data thematically, which identified issues that centred on personality and training of both therapists and interpreters. One of the points, supported by evidences and clearly communicated to readers, is that similar to the characteristics central to describing a skilled therapist, the interpreter is not just a mere translator, but an active member of a psychotherapy team whose skill in multicultural issues, mental health training and therapeutic processes, and personality may affect the success f mental health services delivered to LEP individuals through an interpreter. The author though attempted to convince readers of reflexivity, by mentioning the attention given to the search for disconfirming evidence and negative case analysis, however no clarification of this effort was given in any part of the report. Nevertheless, peer debriefers were involved in the study to attend to issues of researcher subject ivity and biases, and researcher’s interpretation of data was also subjected to member checking. Further studies can employ the four kinds of triangulation, namely multiple method, theories, data or source, and researchers, as pointed out by Liamputtong (2009), to underpin the dependability of the findings of this study. Representative rigour was achieved through the appropriate use of purposive sampling technique, which identified participants who have lived experiences of work with LEP clients through interpreters. Particular attention was paid to selection criteria, to ensure that therapists, though with general clinical expertise, have between a fledgling and expert level experience working with LEP individuals. This would guarantee that consideration about the therapeutic process in working with LEP clients through translators were unconnected to being a beginner clinician. Other factors considered, such as level of professional training, language and culture of origin were also crucial in ensuring a fit between participant selection, methodology, theoretical framework and research purpose. In considering the study’s interpretative rigour, a broader understanding gained from the result of the findings lend credence to the result of a similar scholarly work conducted by Miller, Martel, Pazdirek, Caruth, and Lopez (2005) which highlighted the impact of the interpreter’s role in therapeutic alliance, the management of and challenges that may result from the triadic clinical relationship (of the therapist, interpreter and client), and training of both clinician and interpreter. Overall, this research achieved a measure of theoretical and methodological rigour by establishing a fit between the research purpose of exploring factors that contribute to delivering successful clinical care to LEP individuals from the clinicians’ perspective and the use of phenomenological approach to examine the embodied experiences of these clinicians in greater detail, through the use of semi-structured and open-ended interviews. References Liamputtong, P. (2009). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed. ). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Miller, K. , Martel, Z. , Pazdirek, L. , Caruth, M. , Lopez, D. (2005). The role of interpreters in psychotherapy with refugees: An exploratory study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 75, 27-39. Yakushko, O. (2010). Clinical work with limited English proficiency clients: A phenomenological exploration. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 41, 449-455. doi:10. 1037/a0020996 How to cite English Proficiency, Essay examples

Theravada Buddhism Essays - Spirituality, Nondualism, Monism

Theravada Buddhism Throughout history there have been numerous religions and theologies that men and women have entrusted their lives and ways of living to. One of the most intriguing is that of Buddhism. The great Buddha referred to his way as the middle way, and he, as the "Enlightened One" began the teachings of the religion with his first five Ascetics who he shows his middle way. This great occasion is the start to what will be known as Theravadan Buddhism. Although Theravadan Buddhism would later be seen as the "small vehicle," it provides the first idea of the doctrine anatman or having no-self that shapes the ideas of every Buddhist today. Theravadan Buddhism which means "The teaching of the elders," is the teaching of the Buddha in its true traditional form. After attaining enlightenment under the Bohdi tree, the Buddha returns to five ascetic monks he had been associated with previously. He taught them the essential parts of Buddhism which include the vital Four Noble Truths. These teachings were taught by monks, and they give the fundamental truths on which the religion was founded. These are the Four Noble Truths: (1) all life is inevitably filled with sorrow; (2) sorrow is directly due to craving; (3) sorrow can only be stopped by stopping the craving; and (4) this can be done only by disciplined and moral conduct with meditation led by the Buddhist monk. These truths show that the Buddhists saw all things as transient, and being transient there is no eternal Self or soul, hence anatman or no true self. While the Theravadan Buddhist practiced the idea of anatman, there were other movements that practiced the idea of atman or true self. The Upanishadic movement, which started about 300 years before the Theravadan practice, revolves around a story of a boy who Yama tells there is a self in everyone. This true self or atman is covered up by the illusion of an individual. As this way of thinking was being taught, people began to uprise and question if religion is worth it. This leads to many ascetic movements in which people leave their homes to be scavengers. Because this could be done by any it began to get very popular. The many ascetic movements gave rise to many different individual movements, but the main one besides Buddhism was Jainism. Jainism was a movement that said in every thing there is a Jiva or soul which resembles the atman. Karma is the stuff or gunk that covers up the Jivas and makes things appear to be different. Even though a monk was the only one who could totally free Jivas, lay people could do good deeds and suffer willingly to dissipate karma from their atman. In this movement the final step for a monk to reach Nirvana was the starving to death of one's self. In a complete contrast to the teachings of the Jainic movement the Theravadan Buddhists saw there being no atman at all. Buddhists accepted the teaching of the doctrine of karma which causes all who have it to be reborn into a state of life according to the built up karma. The only way to stop this rebirth is to achieve Nirvana. The state of non-existence or annihilation. They also felt that when passing from one existence to another no permanent entity or atman transmigrated from body to body. The reason for there being no self is because self can not be found in the five basic aggregates or Skandhas. These being matter, feeling, perception, constructing activities, and consciousness were all made up of dharma or small atomic units. This seems to be contradictory because if there is no self then these dharma shouldn't be present because they would in a sense create a self, even if they just came in and left every second. The Theravadan Buddhists were very particular in what they practiced and what they worshipped. They were never found praising idols or human images, rather they took to praising the Bodhi trees, footprints, and stupas or burial mounds. Their worship centered around the continuous life and rebirth into one of the five levels of society. These were heavenly devas, humans, animals and plants, praeta, and hell beings. All of ones karma that he or she accumulates in their life determines the level they are reborn into. This is all tied into the seeing of existence as Dukka and the goal is to get out of Dukka into Nirvana. In almost a total contrast to the Theravadan way

How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store

How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store How To Write With Impact Whether you’re writing a short story, novel or a sales page for your website, keeping your readers hooked is your main goal. If you fail to hook them, you lose them - and not just in the short term. They’ll remember how underwhelmed they were by your writing - and probably won’t give you a second chance. To have a positive impact on your readers, you have to impress them with your skill. Compelling content that almost forces them to keep reading will stick in their mind long after they’ve finished reading - and they’ll want to come back for more. That’s the secret to building a loyal audience that will benefit you long into the future.   Writers - just like you - come to me frustrated because they’re not happy with their writing. It lacks that attention-grabber hook that propels you from writer to storyteller. It doesn’t mean you’re not a great writer. It doesn’t mean you should quit. It just means you need to develop the skills. How To Write With Impact Writing a compelling story isn’t easy - not even when you’ve been doing it for years. You have to work hard at it, then edit, refine and improve until it’s a polished piece that could almost reach out and grab your readers by their lapels. It’s a skill you develop and practice, not something that’s innate - which is why so many writers get frustrated by the process. Related: Story vs. Plot So, what makes a compelling story? What techniques do you have to use to grab your reader’s attention and keep them firmly on those writing hooks? There’s no magic formula for this kind of powerful writing, but there are some key ingredients. What’s more, they work for content marketing, business writing and blog posts just as well as they do for fiction. Crafting content that’s compelling is a truly transferable skill. Let’s dive into the top 1.Show, Don’t Tell Okay, so this old cliche is so tired and worn out I really debated about whether to put it in - but despite its overuse, it’s still important. When you’re trying to hook your audience, it’s no good telling them how your character feels. Showthem, with a description that’s loaded with opportunities for your reader to slip into your character’s shoes and immerse themselves in the story. Related: Show and Tell Rather than explaining to your readers, you’re giving them the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Once they’re in your character’s shoes, you’ve started the process of making them care - and that means they’re much less likely to abandon the story early on. 2. Shock and Surprise Startle your readers with something they weren’t expecting. Marketers do this a lot - aiming for the shock factor - but it’s just as important if you’re writing a short story or novel. Make it truly shocking and unexpected and you’ll have your readers right where you need them. Related: Did you catch our April 1 'product launch'?   We encounter the unexpected every day - and how we respond is part of our learning process. Injecting something shocking into your writing keeps it real and (most) readers will be intrigued as to how the character handles what’s happened. Is it different from how your reader would respond? Is there something they can learn from this? The shock factor is a sure fire way to get your readers on the hook - because you’ve grabbed their attention. Now you just have to keep them on the hook. 3. Relatability Compelling writing is real, gritty, and doesn’t pull any punches. If you want to keep your readers on the hook, they have to be able to relate to what’s happening in your story. To master relatability, you have to know your audience inside out. What problems do they have? What in their lives causes them the most pain. If your reader encounters a character they can relate to, who has problems as they do, they’re automatically more engaged. Your readers care about the characters they can relate to. They don’t care about the characters they have nothing in common with. Far too often, the reason why you’re not hooking your audience is because you don’t fully understand them. 4. Raise The Stakes You’re writing about real situations (or situations that could be happening to your readers) - but that doesn’t mean you have to confine yourself to strict realism. Your readers have put themselves in your character’s shoes, been shocked by something, and can relate to the problem - so now you have to raise the stakes. What’s the worst thing that could happen to your character right now? Even if it’s not really likely, you have to raise your readers’ investment in the story you’re telling. You’re playing with their emotions now, and you can’t hold back. (Well, you could, but make it too ‘ordinary’ and your readers will slide right off the hook again.) When you raise the stakes, you create that edge-of-the-seat anticipation in your reader. You know, that feeling where you can’t put the book (or tablet, e-reader, magazine, whatever) down because you just have to find out what happens next. That’s exactly what you’re aiming for. 5. Mining The Depths Characters that your readers care about aren’t 2D cardboard cutouts. When you’re creating content - whether fiction or non-fiction - 2D cardboard cutouts aren’t going to get you the results you want. You have to bring your characters to life - so it feels like they’re living, breathing people bursting off the page. You bring your characters to life by creating layer after layer of details. To do that, you need to know everything about your character’s backstory (even if you’re just creating them for a digital marketing campaign!). I’ve had students tell me that it’s way too much effort for content marketing, and should only be for fiction, but it works for me and the results are worth the effort. It’s the little details that bring your character to life. Anchor them in real-life events that have enough detail to make it sound like you’re giving eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. Names, places, feelings, sensations, emotions - build the details until you start to feel like you are giving eyewitness testimony. 6. Make It Memorable Compelling writing leaves a lasting impression on your reader - which makes them remember you. Whether you’re a novelist or a social media marketer, your goal is to ensure that your reader remembers you. Compelling writing inspires loyalty in your readers, building an audience that is already primed to sign up for your mailing list or like your Facebook page. Making an impression on your readers isn’t easy when there are so many other writers trying to do exactly the same thing. You have to stand out. You have to get your hook so deep into your audience that they won’t be able to forget how your writing made them feel, or how your writing changed their life. One way to ensure that your readers remember you and remain firmly on your hook is to leave them with a feeling of unfinished business. Don’t resolve all of the conflicts in your story. Leave an unresolved thread that will be like a constant itch at the back of your reader’s mind. Refining Your Writing    Don’t expect your first draft to be a masterpiece of compelling writing. While some writers may be ready to publish after the second draft, most writers go through multiple drafts. I don’t put a number limit on my drafting process - I redraft until I’m happy that I’ve done everything I can. Sometimes it takes five drafts. Other times it takes fifteen. I’m a ruthless editor, too. Crafting compelling stories isn’t something you can do in an evening, sitting with your laptop on your knee in front of the TV. Cut out all the distractions and immerse yourself in your characters’ world. Distractions and interruptions only dilute the strength of your writing. Give your writing the dedicated time it deserves, and you’ll master the art of writing with an impact much more quickly.       About the author: Ariella is an experienced copywriter, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Driven by a passion for writing and content creation she takes pride in producing articles that deliver the latest information in an engaging manner and marketing campaigns that deliver exceptional results. Ariella has a BA (Hons) in English Language and Creative Writing (First), an MA in Theology and Ministry, and is a published author of three novels and a bestselling non-fiction book. A creative at heart, Ariella has 14 years’ industry experience and always aims to keep abreast of current trends and developments. She lives in the UK with her three beagles Zeke, Hope, and Sandy, who always make life interesting. How To Craft a Compelling Story - Freewrite Store How To Write With Impact Whether you’re writing a short story, novel or a sales page for your website, keeping your readers hooked is your main goal. If you fail to hook them, you lose them - and not just in the short term. They’ll remember how underwhelmed they were by your writing - and probably won’t give you a second chance. To have a positive impact on your readers, you have to impress them with your skill. Compelling content that almost forces them to keep reading will stick in their mind long after they’ve finished reading - and they’ll want to come back for more. That’s the secret to building a loyal audience that will benefit you long into the future.   Writers - just like you - come to me frustrated because they’re not happy with their writing. It lacks that attention-grabber hook that propels you from writer to storyteller. It doesn’t mean you’re not a great writer. It doesn’t mean you should quit. It just means you need to develop the skills. How To Write With Impact Writing a compelling story isn’t easy - not even when you’ve been doing it for years. You have to work hard at it, then edit, refine and improve until it’s a polished piece that could almost reach out and grab your readers by their lapels. It’s a skill you develop and practice, not something that’s innate - which is why so many writers get frustrated by the process. Related: Story vs. Plot So, what makes a compelling story? What techniques do you have to use to grab your reader’s attention and keep them firmly on those writing hooks? There’s no magic formula for this kind of powerful writing, but there are some key ingredients. What’s more, they work for content marketing, business writing and blog posts just as well as they do for fiction. Crafting content that’s compelling is a truly transferable skill. Let’s dive into the top 1.Show, Don’t Tell Okay, so this old cliche is so tired and worn out I really debated about whether to put it in - but despite its overuse, it’s still important. When you’re trying to hook your audience, it’s no good telling them how your character feels. Showthem, with a description that’s loaded with opportunities for your reader to slip into your character’s shoes and immerse themselves in the story. Related: Show and Tell Rather than explaining to your readers, you’re giving them the opportunity to draw their own conclusions. Once they’re in your character’s shoes, you’ve started the process of making them care - and that means they’re much less likely to abandon the story early on. 2. Shock and Surprise Startle your readers with something they weren’t expecting. Marketers do this a lot - aiming for the shock factor - but it’s just as important if you’re writing a short story or novel. Make it truly shocking and unexpected and you’ll have your readers right where you need them. Related: Did you catch our April 1 'product launch'?   We encounter the unexpected every day - and how we respond is part of our learning process. Injecting something shocking into your writing keeps it real and (most) readers will be intrigued as to how the character handles what’s happened. Is it different from how your reader would respond? Is there something they can learn from this? The shock factor is a sure fire way to get your readers on the hook - because you’ve grabbed their attention. Now you just have to keep them on the hook. 3. Relatability Compelling writing is real, gritty, and doesn’t pull any punches. If you want to keep your readers on the hook, they have to be able to relate to what’s happening in your story. To master relatability, you have to know your audience inside out. What problems do they have? What in their lives causes them the most pain. If your reader encounters a character they can relate to, who has problems as they do, they’re automatically more engaged. Your readers care about the characters they can relate to. They don’t care about the characters they have nothing in common with. Far too often, the reason why you’re not hooking your audience is because you don’t fully understand them. 4. Raise The Stakes You’re writing about real situations (or situations that could be happening to your readers) - but that doesn’t mean you have to confine yourself to strict realism. Your readers have put themselves in your character’s shoes, been shocked by something, and can relate to the problem - so now you have to raise the stakes. What’s the worst thing that could happen to your character right now? Even if it’s not really likely, you have to raise your readers’ investment in the story you’re telling. You’re playing with their emotions now, and you can’t hold back. (Well, you could, but make it too ‘ordinary’ and your readers will slide right off the hook again.) When you raise the stakes, you create that edge-of-the-seat anticipation in your reader. You know, that feeling where you can’t put the book (or tablet, e-reader, magazine, whatever) down because you just have to find out what happens next. That’s exactly what you’re aiming for. 5. Mining The Depths Characters that your readers care about aren’t 2D cardboard cutouts. When you’re creating content - whether fiction or non-fiction - 2D cardboard cutouts aren’t going to get you the results you want. You have to bring your characters to life - so it feels like they’re living, breathing people bursting off the page. You bring your characters to life by creating layer after layer of details. To do that, you need to know everything about your character’s backstory (even if you’re just creating them for a digital marketing campaign!). I’ve had students tell me that it’s way too much effort for content marketing, and should only be for fiction, but it works for me and the results are worth the effort. It’s the little details that bring your character to life. Anchor them in real-life events that have enough detail to make it sound like you’re giving eyewitness testimony in the courtroom. Names, places, feelings, sensations, emotions - build the details until you start to feel like you are giving eyewitness testimony. 6. Make It Memorable Compelling writing leaves a lasting impression on your reader - which makes them remember you. Whether you’re a novelist or a social media marketer, your goal is to ensure that your reader remembers you. Compelling writing inspires loyalty in your readers, building an audience that is already primed to sign up for your mailing list or like your Facebook page. Making an impression on your readers isn’t easy when there are so many other writers trying to do exactly the same thing. You have to stand out. You have to get your hook so deep into your audience that they won’t be able to forget how your writing made them feel, or how your writing changed their life. One way to ensure that your readers remember you and remain firmly on your hook is to leave them with a feeling of unfinished business. Don’t resolve all of the conflicts in your story. Leave an unresolved thread that will be like a constant itch at the back of your reader’s mind. Refining Your Writing    Don’t expect your first draft to be a masterpiece of compelling writing. While some writers may be ready to publish after the second draft, most writers go through multiple drafts. I don’t put a number limit on my drafting process - I redraft until I’m happy that I’ve done everything I can. Sometimes it takes five drafts. Other times it takes fifteen. I’m a ruthless editor, too. Crafting compelling stories isn’t something you can do in an evening, sitting with your laptop on your knee in front of the TV. Cut out all the distractions and immerse yourself in your characters’ world. Distractions and interruptions only dilute the strength of your writing. Give your writing the dedicated time it deserves, and you’ll master the art of writing with an impact much more quickly.       About the author: Ariella is an experienced copywriter, editor, and digital marketing consultant. Driven by a passion for writing and content creation she takes pride in producing articles that deliver the latest information in an engaging manner and marketing campaigns that deliver exceptional results. Ariella has a BA (Hons) in English Language and Creative Writing (First), an MA in Theology and Ministry, and is a published author of three novels and a bestselling non-fiction book. A creative at heart, Ariella has 14 years’ industry experience and always aims to keep abreast of current trends and developments. She lives in the UK with her three beagles Zeke, Hope, and Sandy, who always make life interesting.

A Short Quiz About Emphasis

A Short Quiz About Emphasis A Short Quiz About Emphasis A Short Quiz About Emphasis By Mark Nichol In each of the following sentences, there is a deviation from one of the conventions about how to convey emphasis in writing. Identify the error, and then check below for corrected versions followed by explanations. 1. â€Å"So-called ‘notification laws’ require businesses to notify customers when certain unencrypted customer data is improperly accessed.† 2. â€Å"Thus the question is not one of quality, but of quantity.† 3. â€Å"I suppose this was the moment when I was supposed to experience a sensation of ‘being one with the universe,’ but I just wasn’t feeling it.† 4. â€Å"With a strident vigor that arrested the attention of all present, she shouted, ‘YOU JUST DON’T GET IT, DO YOU?’† 5. â€Å"After seeing this movie, I just have one thing to say: ‘I want those two hours of my life back!!!’† Answers 1. â€Å"So-called notification laws require businesses to notify customers when certain unencrypted customer data is improperly accessed.† Explanation: Quotation marks employed to highlight a word or phrase, known as scare quotes, are almost invariably unnecessary, and are redundant to the phrase so-called. (Note that in the previous sentence, I didn’t enclose the introduced slang term â€Å"scare quotes† as I explained, these quotation marks are superfluous. However, I did use quotation marks around the phrase in this parenthesis, just as I italicized so-called above and here because that’s how open phrases and words or hyphenated phrases, respectively, are styled when used as names of concepts rather than as the concepts themselves.) 2. â€Å"Thus the question is not one of quality, but of quantity.† Explanation: Italicization of key words can be appropriate but is often overused. Use your judgment to determine whether your point needs such emphasis or whether you can rely on readers to get it without special treatment of words. Usually, they will, and if you doubt it, perhaps your point needs to be expressed more clearly. 3. â€Å"I suppose this was the moment when I was supposed to experience a sensation of Being One with the Universe, but I just wasn’t feeling it.† Explanation: Using quotation marks in this case isn’t necessarily the wrong approach, and it’s appropriate if someone a guru, for instance previously used these words, but if the intent is mockery, sarcasm, or irony, it may not be effective. Using headline-style initial capital letters is the conventional approach for conveying such a tone. 4. â€Å"With a strident vigor that arrested the attention of all present, she shouted, ‘You just don’t get it, do you!’† Explanation: Except in display copy (headlines, headings, and the like), using all capital letters is an awkward distraction. Let the narrative carry the emphasis; note that in the sample sentence, thanks to the expressive description in the introductory phrase, the quotation could even get by with a question mark alone (though, because it’s a rhetorical question, the exclamation point is suitable). 5. â€Å"After seeing this movie, I just have one thing to say: ‘I want those two hours of my life back.’† Explanation: Again, let the narrative do the work. Multiple exclamation points have no place in writing, except to mimic a hormone-addled adolescent. And avoid even single exclamation points; usually, they’re extraneous, and if they’re not, they’re probably a crutch for inexpressive writing. Isn’t the deadpan tone implied by the lack of an exclamation point in the sample sentence above more effective than the impotent peevishness that an exclamation point would suggest? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterWhat's a Male Mistress?The "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Application As Physician Assistant Personal Statement

Application As Physician Assistant - Personal Statement Example For five years, I worked as an Emergency Medical Technician for 72 hours a week, or more, whenever possible; and did my best at school. These challenges, and the psychiatric disorders of both, my mother and sister, provided the impetus for my decision to pursue a Physician Assistant Program. Thus, I have affirmed that my previous health care experiences and the commitment to undertake message-based volunteering with autism patients, veterans and chronically depressed patients in my Santa Ana Community through the California Fellowship of Neuromuscular Therapists organization, make me qualified to pursue the PA Program. I want to be a PA for professional growth in the medical field and to enable me to support my family and my community who needs health care workers who understand the "options" and "limitations" in their lives and can work with them to face an under-education in healthy resistance to care. I excelled in massage therapy school, with a 97% rating. I acknowledge that PA s chool is more difficult; yet, I strongly believe I would excel due to the time management skills that have been developed; and a perspective that recognizes placing education, as the priority. I affirm my conviction that I could be an instrumental contributor to the well-being of people through undertaking the responsibilities of a physician assistant. The challenges and difficulties that I have encountered in life were seen as little blessings in disguise to pursue a productive and rewarding profession.

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMO Cotton Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of GMO Cotton - Essay Example The countries that we know for producing GM cotton are the USA and India although the product also has production in China, Argentina, Australia, Mexico, South Africa, among others. The major advantage of genetically modified cotton is that the plant is resistant to insect pests. More than 68% of the genetically modified cotton in China produces a substance that helps it to become resistant to insect pests. It is known as "Bacillus thurengiensis" toxin. There are a few problematic pests such as caterpillars that bore the cotton itself thus hard to fight. The European Union is yet to approve submissions made for the growth and use of modified cotton. There are problems that farmers in India are experiencing as the Bt toxin failed to work. The Bt cotton yields declined significantly as secondary pests invaded the cotton. The trouble led to the use of more pesticides on the plant plus the price for the cotton seeds went up by a large number.   Scientists suggest that the Bt cotton pro duces a number of beneficial insects which help the small-scale farmers in the production of cotton. China was the leading country in the study of the benefits of having genetically modified cotton. The toxin that is used is lethal to the bollworm that is usually a major problem for the cotton growers. There is a significant decline in the use of insecticides because of the reduction in the bollworm pest. The reduction in the number of pests means that the cotton produced in good health increases.

Vocabulary :: essays research papers fc

Introduction One of the most fascinating aspects of words is that they all have a past. Some words in English, for example, can be shown to have been in place for more than 5000 years (P. Baldi, 1999). Ordinarily we pay little attention to the words we articulate; we concentrate instead on the meaning we intend to express and we are seldom conscious of how we express that meaning. Only if we make a mistake and we have to correct it or we have difficulty remembering a word we become conscious of our word. This means that most of us do not know where the word we use come from and how they come to have the meaning they do. English words come from several different sources. They developed naturally over the course of centuries from ancestral languages, they are also borrowed from other languages and we create many of them by various means of word vocabulary available to us today. History and morphology of the word Mother The idea of the mother goddess was invented in early ice age, some 25,000-30,000 years ago. She and her life giving breasts were called omma from which we have the words akin to maternal, matter, and mother. By the late ice age the Semites had shortened omma to om. The Dravidians of India are Semites who migrated to India after the ice age. They still call mother goddess omm. Om is also the present day Arabic word for female and mother. Omma became ma among the Iranians, meaning the female breast. From ma we have the Iranian maman. Also, we have the Iranian ma-Dar (earlier ma-tar) meaning breast which became mater in Latin, modor in Old English (725), madre in modern Italian, and mother in modern English (1425), (R.K.Barnhant, 2000). Collocation There are several words that fit together with the word mother.  Mother Country  Mother Nature  Mother Figure  Mother Tongue  Mother Board Connotation The word mother has a positive connotation as it describes maternal tenderness and affection although in American English mother could also mean motherfucker which carry a negative and vulgar meaning (Chambers, 1994). Semantic field relation The following are some semantic field relations to the word mother.  Father  Son  Daughter Semantic usage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  REGISTER Mother  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Very Formal British English Mum  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Informal British English Mummy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Informal British English mainly used by children Mom  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Informal American English Mommy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Informal American English mainly used by children Ma  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Informal expression American and British English working class (often used with any much older woman)

Book Review of Not So Quiet Essay

The role of women during the First World War or even the Second World War has never been fully recognized as that of men. There are only a few literary and academic pieces which depict the roles that they played and their significance to it. In this regard, children who are tasked to read history books get the notion that women did nothing significant during the war. However, in reality, there are many women who played important roles during the war, their effort were just left unrecognized by historians. Women, just like men also participated in the war and exerted tremendous effort just to get through it. Many of them also served in the battle grounds fighting for their country and helping their countrymen who are risking their lives just to raise the flags of their country and protect their interests. The book Not So Quiet by Helen Zenna Smith mirrors one of the significant roles that women played during the First World War. The story is a funny and lively story of a group of women who served as ambulance drivers for the British army. They had the privilege of bringing the wounded soldiers from the freezing cold of the war zone. These women were sent by their parents to serve in the army in order to signify their patriotism for the British crown. Their parents are very proud of their children who are in the army. However, they just don’t know the pain and hardships that they are going through just to be considered as patriots. These women were under the tutelage of their Commandant, who they named as â€Å"Mrs. Bitch†. As the name itself signifies, Mrs. Bitch is not a very good Commandant in the eyes of the girls. She is very watchful and strict. She wants the girls to be always on the go while the girls at times would want to rest from their heavy work. For instance, they want to take a decent bath but they cannot because they do not have the sufficient facilities that would allow them to and even of they had, Mrs. Bitch would not allow them. Moreover, Mrs. Bitch was very cruel that she would take every pain they complain of as â€Å"mere feminine affectation†. Tosh, one of the female ambulance drivers, decided to cut her hair short because her hair is starting to be a house of lice. This act was frowned by many of her colleagues since she looks like a boy. To them, the hair reflects a lot about feminity. It is a crowning glory of every women and thus should be preserved as much as possible. However, for Tosh, the hair is not much of a big deal especially if she cannot have the resources in order to care to it. Although Smithy is serving hard in the war, she does not see the point of going to war and shedding tons of blood. Unlike those people who are so engrossed to becoming a patriot, she holds the view that wars are pointless and useless. It is a gruesome manner of taking away limb parts from a human being and ending many innocent lives. Everyday, she takes the bodies of men screaming from pain. They are full of blood and some parts of their bodies are even missing. She somehow empathizes with their cause but she cannot do anything but to bring them to where medical services are available. In addition, wars also put women like her on the line 24 hours a day, seven days a week just to serve the needs of her countrymen, regardless if they are sick. â€Å"Ambulance drivers have no fixed hours. They can be called out any one of the twenty four,† Helen said. The total war changed Helen’s life in so many ways than one. First she was exposed to the realities of life. Living in their home with her parents and siblings, she had not idea how the war zone is like and what patriotism is all about. The war zone is not a place for those who are weak and afraid. It is a place for strong and determined individuals. In addition, the war zone is a not place for those who do not have regard for patriotism. Although not a self-acclaimed patriot, she has done much for her country to consider her one. She has to work in field even if she is sick or had not even experienced a complete rest. Moreover, her work requires her to adequately take care of the sick and injured soldiers while they are not yet being attended to by medical practitioners. Ambulance drivers are not simply drivers. They also need to take extra care in dealing with the needs of the people the transport. â€Å"We have no fixed rest times after driving all night, and consider ourselves lucky to get consecutive hours’ sleep†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We are supposed to have an afternoon off weekly†¦I never had mine once,† Helen claimed. There was even an instance wherein she is sick but had to spend only a few hours of rest as this is the Commandant asked her to. Another change that Smithy had to deal with is to eat the food served on the table. In the comfort of her own home, she has a caring mother to take care of her meals. She eats palatable and satiable food. However, her service in the war forced her to eat whatever the cook serves them, the taste be it good or bad. Eating as a matter of fact has become a joy for the drivers as they do not eat anything if they are on the road. â€Å"Any driver out on duty during mealtimes simply misses the meal,† Helen said. Moreover, Smithy was raised to become prim and proper. She was educated with the proper ways of speaking and acting in front of many people. She was raised well, however, in the war zone, she had to be accustomed to the brutal manner of speaking and dealing with other people. It is a man’s world and she needs to let go of her desire for sophistication just to survive and be the hero that her parents expect from her. She can only whine about the changes that she is facing. â€Å"My conversation daily is growing less refined,† Smithy said. Having a woman in the war zone is entirely difficult. There are many adjustments that the woman needs to face just to survive the war. The first thing that she should get accustomed with is the fact that she does not have the luxury of time to pamper and beautify herself. In the case of Smithy, they are ambulance drivers who are always on the go. They can be called anytime thus, they cannot get their hairs done or apply make up on before they leave otherwise, their patients will die. In addition, they also do not have the option to have a decent bath or to care for themselves. They have to satisfy themselves with whatever is available. â€Å"We have not had our garments off for nine days†¦,† Smithy claimed. Compared to men, women are very conscious of their looks, the clothes that they wear and the appearance that they exude to the public, however, Smithy and her co-ambulance drivers had no room for any of these feminine routines. They need to suffer in the itchiness of their heads and bodies. â€Å"We have been itching furiously for days past,† Smithy uttered. Aside from their looks, women who are serving in war zone also need to get accustomed with a light diet while working the tasks of a man. They had to content themselves whatever is available be they stale biscuits or the bad food in the canteen. As Smithy said, â€Å"we are always hungry in varying degrees†. Another difficulty that they faced but encountered is dealing with bloody screaming men. At first they had difficulty completing their tasks but as they went along, they got used to dying men inside the carts of their ambulance. The women in the story may have faced difficulty in completing their task as ambulance drivers but they managed to pull it off. While being a woman gave them several difficulties in dealing with their job, they did not use these in order to back off and leave their dying countrymen in the war zone. These women only show that men and women are just as capable in doing anything for their country. These women survived in a man’s world and became instrumental in saving the lives of their soldiers. In this regard, women should never be forgotten in history books. They should be seen in equal light as men are for they too have their own contribution to the liberty that many nations now enjoy. Reference: Smith, H. and Marcus, J. (1989). Not so quiet: stepdaughters of war. New York: Feminist Press

Writing News New Mural Dedicated to Garcia Lorca Appeared in Bushwick

It is generally thought that street art and classic culture are incompatible. There are, however, people who are always happy to laugh in the face of these and many other incompatibilities. Some of them live in Bushwick, Brooklyn. Recently they painted a huge portrait of Federico Garcia Lorca on a pharmacy’s wall, along with his poem Sleepless City (Brooklyn Bridge Nocturne). The choice isn’t random it isn’t very common knowledge, but there are a lot of things that tie Brooklyn and the famous Spanish poet together. He lived in New York in 1929-1930, and mentioned Brooklyn in his works much more than once. There is even an annual event dedicated to the poet, called Lorca’s Route in New York. The news of the new mural appearing on a pharmacy wall was met with mixed feelings by Bushwick’s residents and passers-by. Some are confused by the text of the poem (even the creators of the mural, Jane Weissman and Camille Perrorret, admit that they themselves are not exactly sure what does it mean, the poem being highly symbolic and metaphorical), some are pleased, some wish there were some socially important message instead of it. But mostly they are ready to celebrate the fact that a world-famous poet stayed here and considered this place to be worthy of his talent. Both the creators of the mural and other people who are simply fond of Lorca’s poetry agree that the writer’s sojourn in New York influenced his life and literary work to a great extent, however short time it may seem when compared with the rest of his life. He was there at a critical point of American history and saw it all: the Wall Street crash, the Great Depression, the way they influenced the everyday life of people, both rich and poor. It certainly left its trace in his heart. It changed Lorca, even to the extent of altering his style – he ceased using his accustomed Spanish verse and adopted some peculiar internal rhyme. This mural is, in fact, the fourth one of the series, which Weissman and Perrorret have been working on for the last two years, so its appearance didn’t come exactly as very surprising news to the residents. The artists say that they are already pretty much used to witnessing the entire range of emotions and reactions expressed by people when they first see their work. It is hard to say right now whether the fourth mural will be their last work dedicated to the Spanish poet, but it certainly did what it was supposed to do – it stirred up the popular attention and interest towards this personality.

How to Tell Your Parents Youre Failing a College Class

Although there are things you can do if youre failing a college class—or even if youve already failed it—breaking the news to your parents is an entirely different problem. Chances are, your parents are going to want to see your grades from time to time (translation: every semester), especially if theyre paying for your tuition. Consequently, bringing home a nice fat F probably wasnt on your list of things to do this semester. Given that no one is going to be happy about the situation, the best approach can be a basic one: Be honest, be positive, and be sincere. Tell Your Parents the Truth About Your Grades Be honest about the grade. What is it? A D? An F? Its better to only have this conversation once. Mom, Im going to be getting an F in Organic Chemistry is way better than Mom, I think Im not doing so well in Organic Chemistry followed a few minutes later by Well, Ive failed most of the exams followed by Yeah, Im pretty sure Im getting an F but Im not totally sure—yet. At this point in your life, you undoubtedly know that parents deal better with getting bad news that can improve later than getting kinda bad news that gets worse later. So just be honest about your grade. What is it? What part of the equation is your fault (not studying enough, spending too much time socializing, etc.)? Own up to the situation and the responsibility. Honesty may be a bit uncomfortable, but it is undoubtedly the best policy in situations like this. Tell Your Parents How You Plan to Move Forward Present the situation as real—but also as a growth and learning opportunity for you. Okay, so you failed a class. What did you learn? That you need to manage your time better? That you spent too much time just hanging out with people? That you need to take fewer units? That you need to be less involved with clubs? That you need to cut back on your work hours? Let your parents know what youre going to do differently next semester so that this wont happen again. (Because really, who wants to have this conversation again?!) Mom, I failed Organic Chemistry. Looking back, I think its because I didnt spend enough time in the lab/didnt balance my time well/was too distracted by all the fun things going on on campus, so next semester Im planning on joining a study group/using a better time management system/cutting down on my co-curricular involvement. Additionally, let your parents know what your options are in as positive a light as possible. They most likely will want to know, What does this mean? Are you on academic probation? Able to keep up with your other courses? Not able to stay in your major? Be prepared for how you can move forward. Let your parents know what your academic situation is. Talk to your adviser about what your options are. Mom, I failed Organic Chemistry, but I talked to my adviser since I knew I was struggling. Our plan is to have me try it one more time next semester  when its offered, but this time Ill join a study group and go to the tutoring center at least once a week. Be Sincere About Your Next Steps You may think youre a pretty good liar, but parents can smell dishonesty from a mile away. You know it, and they know. So be sincere about what youre saying to them. Did you just goof up and learn a lesson about how important it is to go to class? Then tell them that instead of trying to blame it on a bad professor or lab partner. Also, be sincere about where youre going from here. If you dont know, thats okay, too—as long as youre exploring your options. Conversely, be sincere when you listen to what they have to say. They arent likely to be happy about your failed class, but they probably have your best interest at heart.

What are the Political Axes - 565 Words

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Legal Forms of Business in Sri Lanka Free Essays

Introduction A business also called a company, enterprise or firm is a legally recognized organization, designed to provide goods and services to consumers. According to the purpose of the business, ownership of the business and nature of economic contribution of the business; the business can fall into one of the three standard sectors. There are; private sector, public sector and nonprofit sector. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal Forms of Business in Sri Lanka or any similar topic only for you Order Now The part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services is called public sector. In most countries the public sector includes such services as the military, public transit, primary education and healthcare. Their aim is to give service to the people and less emphasis is made on profit making. Public cooperation is the widely known type of public sector business entity. The non-profit sector is derived with organizations that do not distribute their surplus funds to owners or shareholders, but instead use them to help pursue their goals. Examples include charitable organizations, trade unions, and public arts organizations. In private sector, businesses are financed and controlled by individuals or private institutions, such as companies, stockholders, or investment groups. These businesses run for private profit and they are not controlled by the state or the government. There are many types of business entities defined in the private sector and authorized by the legal systems of various countries. These legal forms of business include; †¢ Sole Proprietorship †¢ Partnership (General Partnership, Limited Partnership and Joint Venture) †¢ Corporation (C Corporation and S Corporation) †¢ Limited Liability Company (Private and Public) These legal forms have been derived according to their Source of the capital, Value of capital investment, Nature of ownership, Number of owners, Nature of liability and many other factors. Each legal form has its own advantages as well as disadvantages. When making a decision about the type of business to form, there are several criteria you need to evaluate based on advantages and disadvantages of above mentioned legal forms. The most important fact is cost of formation of the business and cost of ongoing administration. This includes cost of record-keeping and paperwork, as well as the costs associated with administrative requirements. Legal liability is the next thing to be considered and it defines to what extent the owner need to be insulated from legal liability. Based on the individual situation and goals of the business owner, he has to consider what the available tax implications are because it is also an important factor. Finally the owner has to think about the future needs and whether the legal forms support flexibility feature. Sri Lanka Company Act, No. 7 of 2007 and Company Act, No. 17 of 1982 have defined Sri Lanka legal forms of organizations, which can be the choices for Sri Lankan business community when forming a new business. Legal Forms of business in Sri Lanka include; †¢ Sole Proprietorship †¢ Limited Liability Company (Private and Public) †¢ General Partnership Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship also known as a sole trader is a type of business entity which is owned and run by one individual and where there is no legal distinction between the owner and the business. Sole proprietorships are forms of business ownership that mingle the owner’s rights, liabilities and responsibilities with the business’ rights, liabilities and responsibilities. Regardless of the state of the business, the procedures we need to follow to form a sole proprietorship are fairly simple, and do not even require an attorney, accountant, or business consultant. There are no legal requirements for establishing a sole proprietorship, other than obtaining the necessary local business license and permit. As the sole proprietor, owner has the full control and responsibility for the business and its operation and he makes all the decisions. With this type of business entity, owner has complete freedom over operating the business, because he is responsible for all transactions and activities occur in the business. All assets of the business are owned by the owner and all profits and all losses accrue to him. He is personally responsible for all debts of the business and must pay them from his personal resources. This means that the owner has unlimited personal liability for the business. Also, owner is less burdened by government restrictions and control, and he has less to do in terms of reporting and taxes. The main advantage of a sole proprietorship is that they are easy to start up and to close. The reason is, they are less expensive and also subject to fewer regulations compared to other types of businesses. Since the owner has full autonomy with regard to business decisions, sole proprietorship businesses are easy and inexpensive to discontinue. The second advantage is that the owner can take all the profits of the business and there is no profit sharing. This may be the most significant motivation for most businesses to become sole proprietorship type. At the same time, all losses accrue to the owner and he does not have the tension regarding conflicts among the partners as there are no partners. In sole proprietorship business type, the owner of the organization pays self employment taxes on the profits made. It makes tax filing much simpler and hence this can be considered as another advantage for sole proprietorship business type. Since this is not a corporation; it does not pay corporate taxes. The remarkable disadvantage of the sole proprietorship is that the sole trader will likely have a hard time with raising capital since he has to make up for all the business’s funds. He may have to use his own money or personal loan for the business. The next disadvantage is; the owner of the business has unlimited liability as he is responsible for the business’s debts. As the business grows, the risks accompanying the business also tend to grow, and if the business is sued, owner and his personal assets are at risk. Sole proprietorship business type is very prominent in Sri Lanka, may be because form of the business is very straightforward. As a third world country with low rate of individual income, starting up a business with low capital is a very convenient factor for any Sri Lankan business person who is thinking of having an own business. There several home based business running in Sri Lanka such as; groceries, stationary shops, pharmacies, fashion stores and they can be categorized as sole proprietorship business, because they are owned by single person. Freelance writers, copy editors, photographers and craftspeople also have chosen to run their businesses as a sole proprietorship. Sri Lankan government has identified the importance of sole proprietorship businesses, in terms of their contribution to the country’s development. So the government is encouraging this business community, to develop their businesses, by providing necessary financial aids, resources, equipment and guidance. Since Sri Lana is based on an agricultural economy, we can encourage more farmers to form their own sole proprietorship businesses to sell their goods, and this will reduce the terrible effects occurring from the intermediate business people. If farmers can sell their goods directly to consumers, they may be able to get full profit and it will encourage them to develop their business. This will ultimately lead to a high development in Sri Lanka’s economy as well as society. Limited liability Companies (LLC) A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a type of business organization that combines some aspects of a corporation with those of a sole proprietorship or partnership. The primary characteristic a LLC shares with a corporation is limited liability; that is personal liability of company’s members for the business’s debts is limited. The primary characteristic LLC share with a partnership is the availability of pass-through income taxation; that is LLC is not taxed as a separate entity. Forming a LLC may not be as simple as a sole-proprietorship; however, the process is much less than a corporation. There are two main actions: †¢ Articles of Organization: Have to file articles of organization with the secretary of province and pay the required fees. Articles may be prepared by a lawyer. An LLC business entity may be file as a corporation, partnership or sole proprietorship in terms of tax return. †¢ Operating Agreement: Have to develop an operating agreement which helps to define the company profit sharing, ownership, responsibilities, and ownership changes An LLC may have one or more owners, and may have different classes of owners. If the LLC has a single member, it will be disregarded as separate from its owner, and will be treated as a sole proprietorship or a division of its owner, unless it elects to be taxable as a corporation. An LLC that is filed for taxation as a partnership can achieve both conduit tax treatment and limited liability protection under civil law and a LLC filed for taxation as a partnership does not have the ownership restrictions. An LLC is typically managed by its members, unless the members agree to have a manager handle the LLC’s business affairs. LLCs do not issue stock and are not required to hold annual meetings or keep written minutes. Generally, members of an LLC that are taxed as a partnership may agree to share the profits and losses in any manner. Members of an LLC receive profits and losses in the same manner as shareholders of a corporation. In general, all the owners and members are shielded from individual liability for debts and obligations of the LLC. The main advantage of LLC is that owners of the LLC have the liability protection of a corporation because it exists as a separate entity much like a corporation. Also members do not hold personally liable for debts unless they have signed a personal guarantee, and this is a great relief for all the members. LLC can select varying forms of distribution of profits, unlike a common partnership where the split is 50-50. Hence flexible profit distribution is another advantage of LLC. The LLC business structure requires no corporate minutes or resolutions and is easier to operate. This can be pointed out as the next advantage of LLC. All the LLC business losses, profits, and expenses flow through the company to the individual members. So, it avoids the double taxation of paying corporate tax and individual tax. Generally, this flow through taxation will be a tax advantage. The most significant disadvantage of LLC is the limited life time of business. A LLC is dissolved when a member dies or undergoes bankruptcy whereas corporations can live forever. Business owners with plans to take their company public, or issuing employee shares in the future, may be not best served by choosing a LLC business structure, because going public is bit complicated with LLC. So this can be again a vital disadvantage of LLC structure. Running a sole-proprietorship or partnership will have less paperwork and complexity compared to LLC. So this added complexity also can be pointed out as a disadvantage of LLC structure. There are two major types of companies operating with limited liability status in Sri Lanka. ? Private Limited Companies ? Public Limited Companies Private Limited Companies A Private Limited Company, theoretically also refer to a private company limited by guarantee, is a type of company incorporated under the laws of England in certain Commonwealth countries. Private limited companies are required to have the suffix â€Å"Limited† (often written â€Å"Ltd† or â€Å"Ltd. â€Å") or â€Å"Incorporated† (â€Å"Inc. â€Å") as part of their name. It has shareholders, but its shares may not be offered to the general public. This means that shares are usually sold to family, friends and business contacts. The liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested; that is to the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the shares by the company. A shareholder’s personal assets are thereby protected in the event of the company’s insolvency, but money invested in the company will be lost. Most companies, particularly small companies, are private limited companies. One of the main advantages of Private Limited Company is, they are easy to set up because; the shares are sold among family, friends and business contacts. Limited liability is another advantage of a Private Limited Company. The shareholder’s liability is limited to the value of the shares held by them. If things go wrong for the business, personal assets of a shareholder cannot be used to pay off the debts. Since boards of directors are usually the main share holders, the ownership and the control are closely connected. Therefore decisions can be taken more quickly and this can be pointed out as another advantage. A Private Limited Company has a separate legal existence. This means that properties will be owned by the company itself and all contracts would be signed on its behalf. The directors and secretary can only act as agents. Therefore the company is not dissolved on the resignation, bankruptcy or death of a director which is a vital advantage of Private Limited Company. The company can be dissolved only by winding up, liquidation or order of the Registrar of Companies or by the Court. When we think about advantages, tax benefits of Private Limited Company are also can be considered. The directors of the company are required to pay income tax but the company pays corporation tax on company profits which is one rate of tax only and averages out at much less than if income tax were paid on the profits. Though Private Limited Company has many advantages, there are some disadvantages which often deter small- and medium-sized business owners from setting up private limited companies. Many Private Limited Companies are very profitable. Unfortunately, these profits can become diluted because they must be evenly distributed among all shareholders, and many Private Limited Companies have up to 50 shareholders. So this becomes the major disadvantage of Private Limited Company. The next point that can be a vital disadvantage is shareholders in a Private Limited Company are not able to sell or transfer their shares to the general public. The 50 or so shareholders that comprise a Private Limited Company must keep their shares and cannot trade them on any stock exchange. A Private Limited Company can be quite complex to create, meaning that lawyers and accountants almost always need to be involved in the Private Limited Company from the start. This can be costly and hence a disadvantage. The importance of Private Limited Companies in Sri Lankan economy over the last 15 years has been tremendous. The opening up of Sri Lankan economy has led to free inflow of investments along with modern cutting edge technology, which increased the importance of Private Limited Companies in Sri Lankan economy considerably. Previously, the Sri Lankan market was ruled by the government enterprises but the scene in Sri Lankan market changed as soon as the markets were opened for investments. This saw the rise of the Sri Lankan private sector companies, which prioritized customer’s need and speedy service. Most of the pioneering businesses in today’s Sri Lankan business world are categorized as Private Limited Companies. Some of the best examples are Richard Pieris Company PLC; (One of the largest and most successful diversified business conglomerate), Abans Group – Abans Private Limited; (Represent world famous brands of household items), Singer (Sri Lanka) PLC; (Household durable company), ODEL (PVT) LTD; (Sri Lanka’s foremost fashion gallery). Private Limited Companies are often considered the Sri Lanka’s version of limited liability companies. This may be because; for many years, forming businesses with the family and friends has been a custom of Sri Lankans. There are many examples such as Perera and Sons (PVT) LTD; (One of Sri Lanka’s foremost baker and caterer), H. Don Carolis Sons (PVT) LTD; (Manufacturers of fine hand crafted wooden furniture), Ebert Silva Touring Co. Ltd; (pioneering Company in the travel and tourism industry) . These are consider as successful family businesses and categorized under Private Limited Company type businesses. To promote private sector domestic investments, the Sri Lanka government has recently brought the bank interest rates down from 20 percent to around 10 percent for borrowings. Public Limited Companies A public limited company (legally abbreviated to plc with or without full stops) is a type of limited liability Company incorporated under the laws of England in certain Commonwealth countries and it is permitted to offer its shares to the public. This means that Shares in a public limited company, can be traded on the Stock Exchange and can be bought by members of the general public. The Capital needed to start a Public Limited Company could come from two different sources; part of the money comes from a loan from the bank, and the rest comes from shares sold to the public, via the stock market. The liability of the shareholders to creditors of the company is limited to the capital originally invested; that is to the nominal value of the shares and any premium paid in return for the issue of the shares by the company. A shareholder’s personal assets are thereby protected in the event of the company’s insolvency, but money invested in the company will be lost. The dividend is paid out using the profits from a PLC. The profit of the public limited company is divided into percentages and is paid out to shareholders. There are many advantages of operating the business as a Public Limited Company, and of registering the company on the stock exchange. For example, equity capital obtained from an initial public offering is considered a permanent form of capital since there is no interest to be paid on the equity, and it is not repayable like debt. Funds generated by a public offering are, therefore, considered a relatively safe form of capital for a business and this can be pointed out as the main advantage of the Public Limited Company type. Going public can also allow a company the freedom and flexibility to spend capital, as it needs to finance its growth and further development, providing a solid financial base on which to build. This will be a vital motivate point for anyone who think to start a new business as Public Limited Company. Many companies use stock and stock option plans as an incentive to attract and retain talented employees. It is increasingly common to recruit and compensate executives with a combination of salary and stock. Stock can be instrumental in attracting and keeping key personnel. Public companies are more likely to receive the attention of major newspapers, magazines and periodicals. The proper use of press releases, interviews or news stories can increase investor awareness, shareholder value, and demand for the stock, sales and revenue. Once a company becomes public it has to disclose so much information to public on regular intervals. This includes share holding pattern, quarterly and annual financial statements, profiles of directors etc. So it can be pointed out as one of the disadvantage of Public Limited Company. In a Public Limited Company decisions take time is too long and it also can be a disadvantage. This is because implementation of any key decision is subjected to the approval by the board of directors elected by share holders. Shareholders in public companies expect a steady stream of income from dividends, which might mean that the business has to concentrate on short term objectives of creating a profit and this may be a vital disadvantage because it might be better to work on longer term objectives, such as growth and investment. The most significant disadvantage Public Limited Company has is the threat of takeover. This is because they are traded publicly and another company can buy up a large number of shares and they can then persuade other shareholders to join with them to vote in a new management team. The Sri Lankan stock market has become quite vibrant and booming, particularly as a result of the end of the war, and this was a vivid point for growth of Public Limited Companies. New companies made their public offerings and were oversubscribed during the first day itself. There is considerable demand for company shares in the market and we can see many giants companies have turned into Public Limited Companies. These companies represent banking, finance, insurance, healthcare, telecommunication, food, beverage and so many other sectors. Most important examples are; Commercial Bank of Ceylon Ltd; (Adjudged as the best bank in Sri Lanka), Janashakthi Insurance; (3rd largest general insurance company in Sri Lanka), Sri Lanka Telecom Ltd; (The premier telecommunication service provider in Sri Lanka), Cargills (Ceylon) Ltd; (Sri lanka’s largest food network) and Nawaloka Hospitals Ltd; (Asia’s largest and most trusted healthcare hospital). The end of the war has put Sri Lanka on the radar of global companies as a country with attractive investment proposition opportunities. As the issuances of shares by resident companies to foreign investors are permitted in terms of a general permission, many resident companies have issued their shares to foreign investors. They include; Lanka IOC; (75% of shares owned by Indian Oil Corporation) and Millenium IT; (Shares were bought by London Stock Exchange). General Partnerships A General Partnership is the most simplistic type of legal structure designed for the situation in which two or more people are collaborating in some type of business activity. The entities involved in a partnership can be individuals, corporations, or trusts. General partnerships are usually started with good friends or family. Starting up a new business is a huge risk and gigantic leap of faith. People who open up general partnerships need to trust each other and work well together. Even if the business does not need a lot of assets to start or operate, still it needs a lot of money to open up a business. General partnerships allow more than one individual to carry the financial burden. This is ideal and makes a business much easier to open. By default, the profits and losses generated by a General Partnership are shared equally among its partners. However, typically a partnership agreement is created to further define the rights, responsibilities, and duties of each partner, as well as the terms of perpetuity if one of the partners withdrawals from the partnership. Financial responsibility is shared equally among the partners, with each partner jointly and severally liable for all business debts and obligations which means that the partners are jointly liable for any and all legal claims against any of the partners. The taxation of a General Partnership is calculated at the individual level. General partnerships can be less expensive to form with a limited start up cost and it has a shared financial commitment, which can be consider as main advantages of this business type. Also it requires less paperwork and formalities which encourage people to form their businesses as general partnerships. General partnerships can thrive when each partner brings a specific strength to the business. If each partner takes on a defined role and there is general agreement on the business plan, goals, and visions from the outset, a partnership can be advantageous. Work can get done more quickly, and having several partners involved will increase the potential of acquiring resources and attracting backers. In the end, the success of such an endeavor depends largely on the personalities of the parties involved. General partnerships offer members the advantages of shared risk and total control over the transactions of the business. One of the most significant benefits of a General Partnership is simplified tax filing, since no corporate forms or double taxation is required. As a pass-through tax entity, this form of business pays no direct tax instead its individual owners carry the tax burden However, the wide array of disadvantages of a General Partnership is what makes it arguably one of the worst organizational business structures available. Because of the lack of corporate structure, a General Partnership does not establish any kind of separate business entity from the partners. This means that the partners are totally unprotected from any litigation against the business, and their personal assets can be seized at any time to cover the unmet obligations of the business. Even worse, each partner is liable for the actions of the others on behalf of the business. So if one of the partners was to execute an agreement without the knowledge of the others, each partner would become equally obligated to the terms of that agreement. The same is true for credit obligations. If any of the partners secure credit on behalf of the business, each partner would become equally obligated to the terms of that debt. In addition, without a Partnership Agreement, there is no guarantee of perpetuity for a General Partnership if one of the partners dies, becomes disabled, or withdrawals from the business. For these and other reasons, general partnership agreements should be drawn up carefully with legal counsel, and signed by all partners. Additionally, there should be a means in place of dissolving the partnership in the case of death, disability, or if one partner should want out of the business for any other reason, personal or professional. Sri Lanka, as a country with low individual income, general partnership would be an idle business type because it gives you pool of resources and financial encouragement to start a new business. Since family businesses are very famous in Sri Lanka, anyone can get together with his family and friends to form the business. Since each partner has a vital contribution to the business, skills and abilities of them will guide the business to success. There are several businesses in Sri Lanka, engaged in all types of sectors such as; grocery, pharmacy, restaurant, book shop and laundry; which can be categorized into general partnership business type. Sri Lankan government has identified the importance of general partnership businesses, in terms of their contribution to the country’s development. So the government is encouraging this business community, to develop their businesses, by providing necessary financial aids, resources, equipment and guidance. How to cite Legal Forms of Business in Sri Lanka, Papers